[Noise-induced hearing loss excess risk: indicators and criteria the problem of choosing]. / Izbytochnyi risk poter' slukha ot shuma: problema vybora pokazatelei i kriteriev.

INTRODUCTION: The optimal indicators and adequate criteria for the quantitative assessment of hearing loss excess risk with noise exposure above 80 dBA is urgently needed determination. METHODS: The technology for calculating hearing thresholds according to the model of the third edition of the ISO 1999.3:2013 standard, depending on gender, age, length of service and noise exposure, based on MSExcell tables, for population percentiles 1÷99% in 1% steps has been developed. Rules for selecting optimal indicators and criteria for hearing loss for the early signs of hearing loss excess risk and the excess risk of occupational noise-induced hearing loss have been developed. RESULT: The excess risk of hearing loss for men on the age, length of service and the level of noise exposure dependences are calculated. The optimal indicators and criteria for hearing loss to identify early signs of the effect of noise on the hearing organ and to calculate the excess risk of hearing loss when exposed to noise are identified. CONCLUSIONS: Calculated by the average binaural hearing threshold at frequencies of 0.5; 1.0; 2.0 and 3.0 kHz with an 30 dB assessment criterion excess risk most adequately solves the risk of occupational hearing loss determining problem. For the determine of early signs of hearing loss excess risk the average binaural threshold for hearing at frequencies of 4 and 6 kHz with an assessment criterion of 20 dB is useful better.

[Contemporary methodic approach to evaluation of acoustic load on civil aircraft crew members.]

The article characterizes occupational factors including acoustic ones that influence work conditions of civil aircraft crew members, presents methodic basis to evaluate parameters of aviation noise inside cabin, with consideration of additional load from aviaheadsets. To specify scientifically based method for calculating acoustic load on civil aircraft crew members in cabins, the authors measured noise parameters inside cabins of aircrafts used at present in Russia, and noise-proof properties of domestic and foreign aviaheadsets. Normalized values suggested: equivalent level of A sound over a month (LA,,m), over a year (La); suggestions for reference values: equivalent level of A sound (Leg), over an arbitrary period of piloting length (L,r); coefficient of piloting load. Principles of these calculations are determined. The method is designed as an addition to sanitary rules and regulations 2.5.1.2423-08, determining hygienic requirements to work and rest conditions for civil aircraft pilots.

[FEDERAL CLINICAL RECOMMENDATIONS IN DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF HEARING LOSS DUE TO NOISE].

Noise induced hearing loss is a slowly developing hearing impairment, caused by occupational exposure to excessive noise levels, constitutes a lesion of the auditory analyzer and clinically manifested as chronic bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Currently, there is not a treatment that provide a cure of sensorineural hearing loss. Regular, individually tailored treatment should be directed to the pathogenic mechanisms and specific clinical symptoms of hearing loss, as well as the prevention of complications. We recommend using non-drug therapies that can improve blood flow in labyrinth, tissue and cellular metabolism.

On assessment of exposure to noise in crew members of civil aviation aircrafts.

The article deals with current and prospective documents on assessment of exposure to noisein crew.members of civil aviation aircrafts. The authors suggestedto complete a method calculatingacoustic loadwith correction indexes for uncertainity of measurements concerning noise inside the cabin, for underestimation of noise levels in forced flight regime, forincreased radio talks and active listening time, and for, acoustic efficiency of avia-headsets.

[Health and safety of worker (commentary to the draft ISo 45001)].

The standard ISO 45001 and poor translation of its title in Russian are discussed. The mortality rates from occupational diseases and injuries are compared as well as risk of sudden cardio-vascular death. The priority of occupational health as compared to safety is proven and some ways of amelioration of the system are suggested.

[Russian Federation implementation of WHO global efforts plan on workers health care].

The article deals with problems of implementing global WHO efforts plan on workers health care, Target program of World Labor Organization on work and occupational environment safety "For safe labor", some WLO conventions. The authors justify priority directions of governmental policy on health care for working population in Russia.

[To 70th anniversary of the Victory: activities of V.A. Obukh Central Institute for Industrial hygiene and Occupational diseases with USSR Narkomzdrav during Great Patriotic War].

The article covers data on activities of scientists and staffers of VA. Obukh Central Institute for Industrial hygiene and Occupational diseases with USSR Narkomzdrav during Great Patriotic War, on role of occupational therapists and hygienists in solving problems of better medical and sanitary care for workers engaged into defence industry.

[Harmonization of national and foreign sanitary laws on industrial aerosols].

According to existing hygienic norms in Russian Federation, dust control covers a whole mass of particles contained in air of workplace--that is based on biologic value of all mass of dust affecting human, rather than of separate dust fractions, as is accepted abroad. State Standard specification R 54578-2011 establishes general principles of hygienic regulation, control and evaluation of occupational diseases risk due to aerosols with predominantly fibrogenous effects through measuring mass concentration of all dust particles contained in air of workplace, rather than groundless selective isolation of its separate fractions. The standard is set for specifying technical regulations in extracting branches, processing industry, machinery, technologic processes with dust releases.

[Information as physical factor: problems of measurement, hygienic assessment and IT-automation].

The increasing flow of information, speeding up the progress of society, can impact the health that puts the task of its hygienic reglamentation. The physical aspects of information, parameters and units of quantities, aspects of measurement and evaluation with account of information quantity and quality as well as criteria of its permissible and optimal levels are considered. The results of measurements of quantity of text information produced per year on computer in 17 occupations of 10 economic sectors are presented. The principle of IT-automation of operator's work and of dynamic monitoring is proposed. On the basis of research performed the glossary of terms and guide on the problem with computer support are elaborated for the accumulation of experience and clarification of prospects.

[Vibroacoustic factors hygienic regulation principles in Russia and abroad evolution and succession].

Brief historical summary about Institute' vibroacoustic factors investigations development in the XXth century is presented. There are shown the data of noise, vibration, ultra- and infrasound hygienic rating in comparison with international approaches; the ways of its international harmonization in modern social and economic situation are selected.

[Methodic approaches to evaluation of microclimate at workplace, with application of various types of protective clothing against occupational hazards].

Studies of heat state of human involved into physical work in heating environment and having various protective clothing on demonstrated value of the protective clothing in modifying thermal load on the body and possible decrease of this load through air temperature and humidity correction, shorter stay at workplace. The authors presented hygienic requirements to air temperatures range in accordance with allowable body heating degree, suggested mathematic model to forecast integral parameter of human functional state in accordance with type of protective clothing applied. The article also covers necessity of upper air temperature limit during hot season, for applying protective clothing made of materials with low air permeability and hydraulic conductivity.

[Protecting health of workers and predictive preventive personified medicine].

Industrial medicine is an integrated sphere of preventive medicine, aimed to regulate health of workers and concerned with scentific basis and practical application of means and methods to preserve and improve workers' health. The article covers major research trends in workers' health preservation, results of fundamental studies on pathogenetic mechanisms and developmental patterns of contemporary occupational and industrial pathologies, prospects of predictive personified trend development and its application in industrial medicine.

[Institute role in occupational health and industrial ecology scientific investigation development. International and national aspects].

The analyses of Institute activity main directions are briefly presented as well as Institute role in preventive medicine development, occupational health and industrial ecology key problems solving, international collaboration development, and WHO Global Plan of Action on Workers' Health 2008-2017 realization in the Russian Federation.

[Criteria to evaluate hearing disorders under exposure to noise: comparative analysis of national and foreign methodic approaches].

Comparative analysis covered national and foreign criteria and methodic approaches to evaluation of hearing disorders due to noise exposure. Ways to improve these criteria and approaches are suggested, also in aim to harmonize them with the foreign ones.

[Paradigm shift in health: forecasting and causation as a basis for risk management].

The problem of occupational risk management (ORM) is discussed using the evidence-based medicine approach and bio- and IT-technologies. The prognosis and causation of work-related health disorders are analyzed as components of ORM system. The Web-based handbook "Occupational risk assessment" with software and information materials as practical tool is presented.

[Problems of more healthy work conditions, occupational diseases prevention on enterprises of major economic branches].

The article deals with evaluation of contemporary work conditions in mining enterprises, iron industry, aluminium production plants. Work conditions are classified according to hazard level and jeopardy in various occupations within the enterprises. Reports presented by Russian Mining Metallurgy Trade-union on occupational morbidity over 2002-2010 were summarized. Occupational morbidity parameters were defined, their increase was identified, structure of occupational pathology was determined. The authors formulated suggestions in improving the work conditions, in occupational diseases prevention in mining enterprises, iron industry and aluminium production plants.

[Occupational risk management: prognosis, causation and bioinformational technologies].

Methodology of occupational risk management is outlined based on workers' health disorders forecast and causation (work-relatedness assessment). It originates from Labour Code of Russian Federation prescriptions and includes principles, methods and criteria of risk management and risk communication. The methodology is realized by means of bioinformational technologies as expert and analytical system in the form of interactive Web-based directory "occupational risk assessment" for practical use for occupational risk prevention.

[Contemporary aspects of maintenance and promotion of health of the workers employed at the aluminum production enterprises].

The exposure of the combined occupational hazards on the workers of aluminum plants results in the development of the occupational chronic diseases of bronchopulmonary and bone systems and oncopathology. Pathogenetic mechanisms of the toxic exposure of fluorides on the body as well as molecular and cellular structures are presented.

[Methodology to reveal and prevent diseases associated to work].

Based on legislation of RF, Occupational Health Ministry and WHO, the authors specified methodology to reveal diseases associated to work, in addition to present system of occupational diseases diagnosis. The article also covers terminology, premises and causation (determining relationships with work) principles. The authors presented models and criteria for causation in consensus and evidence based medicine with computerized and Internet technologies, described contemporary approaches to prophylaxis.

[Contemporary hygienic regulation of industrial vibration: harmonizing national and foreign approaches].

The authors compared approaches to vibration safety regulations, presented by new Russian Federal governmental standards, international standards and rules from one hand, and by Russian Federal Sanitary Regulation documents from the other hand. Main directions to improve hygienic regulation of occupational vibration in new technical regulation system are determined.